Aminor violation of a state statute or local ordinance punishable by a fine or other penalty, or by a specified, usually very short term of incarceration, is called a(n)

I believe the answer is: |nfraction

Criminal acts that categorized as infraction usually only consist of petty violations (such as parking your car where it's not supposed to, violating traffic signs, etc). The punishment for infraction usually limited to small amount of fine or suspended liscense.

answer; adjusting and adapting to a culture other than one's own;

answer; the supreme court was placing age in the non-suspect classification category;