What takes place when a receiver distorts information to make it fit their "mental map" of reality? selective perception clarification ethics cultural differences critical thinking?

The correct answer is "selective perception".

The term was origined when studying people's reaction to the information displayed in the media, but was soon broadened to involve all behaviours that consist on forgetting or ignoring those stimuli that contradict preconceived ideas or prior beliefs, because they generate some sort of emotional discomfort. In conclusion, people understand or interpret things inside their particular frames or reference.

we can solve this via the kinematic equation:

where the vertical velocity is zero and so:

since the height of the building is 29.3 meters then:

the ball was in motion for approximately 2.45 seconds

dude you should crop your image so only the question shows. but   can you explain it better