In pavlov's study, when the tone was first introduced to the dog, the dog engaged in a. an orienting reflex. b. an unconditioned response. c. habituation. d. a conditioned response.

The correct answer is d. A conditioned response.

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian scientist interested in studying how digestion works in mammals. According to Pavlov, the dogs were demonstrating a conditioned response. He explained it like this: there's a neutral stimulus (the bell), which by itself will not produce a response, like salivation. There's also a non-neutral or unconditioned stimulus (the food), which will produce an unconditioned response (salivation).

to plan an idea out before

every society, in order to meet the needs of it's people, has to answer three basic questions:

- what should we produce?

- how should we produce it?

- for whom should we produce it?

this questions must be answered in order to, option b, aid in production decisions.

every country can't produce everything, no matter how rich their land is. it may be a matter of technology, resources or geographical conditions. so, these three questions must be resolved in order to get the most of the production of each land.

hope this !