"in a typical collaborative memory experiment, participants first encode a list of words and then some time later attempt to recall those words "

I believe the answer is: by themselves, with others, or by themselves

In the beginning of collaborative experiments, all participants would be made to remember a list of items in a secluded room from other (sometimes without even the presence of the experimenters). After the time given is up, they would gather all participants and asked them to recall the memory to see whether the presence of others could affect their memory retrieval.

answer: hey improve the marine life in a certain area.

they provide a new location for fishermen to fish and which works to ease the pressure on natural reefs.

they are a great way to get rid of large objects that would otherwise be placed on landfills

explanation:

answer; proximity;