Which movement caused the established churches in the colonies to split into factions and allowing the new denominations such as the baptists, presbyterians, and methodists to add to their membership?

The great awakening.

Explanation:

The First Great Awakening was a set of Christian revivals that spread through Britain and its Thirteen Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s.

This first great religious revival in America, while it united evangelicals across different churches around shared views, it too started a division in subsisting churches separating those who approved the revivals and those who did not. It prompted the Congregational and Presbyterian churches to split, both the Methodist and Baptist denominations were empowered.

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