How does a food surplus allow early civilization to have specialized labor

when people don't have to think about starving to death, they can think about other things: art, culture, invention, etc- people cannot advance as a civilization without free time in which to think and create.

in an absolute  monarchy, the  monarchrules as an autocrat, with absolutepower  over the state and government — for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. the  monarch isnominally sovereign but the electorate, through their legislature, exercise political sovereignty.

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