Steam power, te rowt of railroads, a free market econmy, and mass production led to a decrease in

Steam power, the growth of railroads, a free-market economy, and mass production led to a decrease in. the costs of goods.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.