How do federal criminal cases and federal civil cases differ?

a. only civil cases result in defendants being sentenced to jail time.

b. only rulings for criminal cases can be appealed.

c. only criminal cases must take place before a judge and jury.

d. only civil cases involve a trial by jury.

C) Only criminal cases must take place before a judge and jury

Explanation:

In Civil cases, conflict includes some loss, harm or injury to one party or their property while civil cases primarily involved with compensating victims.

Civil cases uphold the rights of the individual while criminal cases' purpose is to maintain law and order and peace in society.

Civil law deals with the conflict or disagreement between groups of people while criminal law covers serious crimes such as violence, murder, and sexual offense.

the first two-party system consisted of the federalist party, who supported the ratification of the constitution, and the democratic-republican party or the anti-administration party (anti-federalists), who opposed the powerful central government, among others, that the constitution established when it took effect in

the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.