The federal government was established by the u. s. constitution, which created a system of check and balances. compare the ways each branch balances out the other branches' powers and explain how the judicial branch plays a critical role in maintaining the system of checks and balances.

The U.S. Constitution did a Separation of Powers in three branches: Legislative, Executive and Judiciary. “First, the Legislative branch makes the law. Second, the Executive branch executes the law. Last, the Judicial branch interprets the law.”.

But each branch can challenge the power of the other branch and keep balance through the system of checks.

Explanation:

The Legislative can do Checks on the Executive like “Impeachment power (House); Trial of impeachments (Senate); Selection of the President (House) and Vice President (Senate) in the case of no majority of electoral votes” while the Checks on the Judiciary included: “Senate approves federal judges.”.

The Executive Branch Checks on the Legislature included “Veto power and Vice President is President of the Senate” while for Checks on the Judiciary: “Power to appoint judges and Pardon power”.

The Judicial Branch Checks on the Legislature are “Judicial review; Seats are held on good behavior and Compensation cannot be diminished” and Checks on the Executive are “Judicial review; Chief Justice sits as President of the Senate during presidential impeachment”.

The Judiciary plays a critical role in maintaining the system of checks and balances because it involves policing if the Executive and Legislative are not too powerful or unbalanced; solving cases of disputes between the executive and legislative and also protecting the citizen’s rights and the U.S. Constitution.

clearcutting reproduces a new even-aged stand by completely removing the mature stand.

clearcutting as a silvicultural treatment has several characteristics:

it causes a sudden environmental change

it removes the seed source from the regeneration area

the configuration of the clearcut may affect seed dispersal

it begins a new rotation

it will eliminate some pests that require forest cover

overall, it temporarily removes the forest cover, transforming the forest community and environment.

clearcutting followed by artificial (seeded or planted) regeneration has several advantages:

we can avoid delay in restocking the site

we can introduce a selected species, seed source, and genotype

we can control arrangement and spacing

we can achieve uniformity in the new stand

we can overcome the problems associated with securing sufficient natural regeneration.

the shelterwood method involves the removal of most of the mature stand at the end of the rotation, but a portion of the mature stand is left standing.   the shelterwood method serves three basic purposes:

to prepare the stand for production of abundant seed

to modify the environment in a way that promotes germination and survival of the selected species

to build up the amount and size of advance regeneration to ensure the prompt restocking of the new stand following overstory removal.

the shelterwood method involves a sequence of 3 cuttings:

preparatory cuttings: make the seed trees more vigorous and set the stage for regeneration. see our thinning page for more information.

establishment/seed cuttings: open up enough vacant growing space to allow establishment of the new regeneration.

removal cuttings: uncover the new crop to allow it to fill the growing space.

the residual trees in the shelterwood must:

be sturdy and windfirm

be able to survive exposure

flower and reproduce seed

be the best trees of the mature stand

keep in mind that the shelter trees must not occupy the entire site.   a void must be created in order to make room for the new regeneration. the amount of shelter to leave will depend on the following factors:

species characteristics (seeding and shelter requirements)

the number of cuttings in the cutting sequence (1, 2, or 3)

landowner objectives

the size of the area to be regenerated

the final removal harvest level required to be profitable

the shelter must be removed before it impedes the growth of the new stand or threatens its survival.

answer do so moderately;