Under early american presidents, civil service employees were:
a. not considered part of the executive branch.
b. more powerful than modern-day civil servants.
c. generally appointed based on political connections.
d. expected to pass exams to measure their competence.

the answer is C. Generally appointed based on political connections.

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The correct answer is "Under early American presidents, civil service employees were C. Generally appointed based on political connections.

Explanation:

The political system in the US operated on the "Spoils system" until the passing of the Pendleton Act in 1883 after a civil service reform movement. According to this system, a political party could give civil service jobs to supporters, relatives or other people with political connections once they won the elections. The name comes from the expression "to the victor belong the spoils"

After the passing of the Pendleton Act, meassures were taken to install a system of merits and not political connections.

answer; face validity;

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