What are the issues called, which are often decided by the courts, such as abortion, capital punishment, or lgbt rights

They are ethical issues.  This means creating a system that would identify right or wrong.  Today there are many opinions that are very divisive on several issues such as abortion, aids, capital punishment, etc.  Making the right decision requires intensely crafting laws or policies that would satisfy these dissenting voices.

rain should be the answer.

answer; caravan;