Bill’s behaviors in ms. kennedy’s class are really distracting to other students. for example, he whispers to the boy beside him when ms. kennedy is giving directions on how to do any assignment. he flings paper clips at a girl across the room. he makes strange grunting noises that a few classmates find amusing. ms. kennedy glares at him or admonishes him whenever he behaves in a distracting way, yet his inappropriate behaviors are increasing rather than decreasing. which one of the following interpretations of this situation best explains why bill’s behaviors are increasing?
a) ms. kennedy is positively reinforcing him for the distracting behaviors.
b) ms. kennedy is negatively reinforcing him for the distracting behaviors.
c) ms. kennedy is vicariously reinforcing him for the distracting behaviors.
d) ms. kennedy is punishing him for the distracting behaviors.

Running and sleep. sufficient sleep is important for adolescents for both their neural and psychological development. despite this, daytıme sleepiness and poor physical and psychological functioning related to chronic sleep disturbances are common. there is a growing body of evidence that exercise is associated with both better sleep and improved psychological functioning sixty participants were recruited from a high school in northwesten switzerlandthey were randomly assigned to either a running group or a control group, 30 to each group the running group ran every moming for a little over 30 minutes on weekdays for a three-week period. all participants used a sleep log for subjective evaluation of sleep, and sleep was also objectively assessed at the beginning and end of the study using a sleep electroencephalographic device that measured quantities such as sleep efficiency and time spent in the four different sleep phases. running was found to have a positive impact on both objective and subjective measures of sleep functioning what are the explanatory variable(s) and the response variable(s)? (a) outline the design of the experiment (b) (c) here are some more details on the treatment and control groups. all participants arrived at school at 7 a.m., and the running group did two laps on the track and then ran cross countrv in groups of at least four people for 30 minutes the control group remained seated at the track, worked on horpework. and interacted with each other. when the runners returned, all participants prepared for school and ate a breaktast that was provided. iwhy do you think the experimenters had the control group arrive at 7 am interact withdassmates and have breaktast together? explain. do you think having the control eroup do these activities is important for the types of conclusion that can be reached? how?

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. upon first entering the room, sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. the fact that sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory

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