In conversation, research shows that
a. men play up their expertise and use it to dominate the conversation.
b. women seek to share feelings and establish closer relationships.
c. men try to dominate conversations with men as well as with women.
d. all of the above.

D. All of the above

Explanation:

According to research, these tendencies are influenced by survival instict.

playing up expertise to dominate a conversation that conducted by made is strongly correlated to their efforts to increase their social status/standing relative to others. (According to evolutionary biology, higher social status tend to lead to higher survival rate in environment.).

It's unclear whether this influenced by genetics or culture, but women choose a different approach to increase their social status. Developing closed relationships by sharing feelings /listening to other's problem tend to improve the way people treat us. This also increase our survival rate.

50% i think

explanation:

answer; biological;