Identify the term that describes when a performer extracts a small portion of pre-recorded music and then mechanically repeats it over and over as a musical backdrop to the text of a song. this technique often occurs in rap music.

it is called "sampling"

Explanation:

In music, sampling is the recycle of a portion or sample of a sound recording in another recording. Samples may hold rhythm, melody, speech, or other sounds. They are usually integrated using hardware (samplers) or software such as digital audio workstations. Sampling without permission can break  copyright laws.

earlier philosophers whose work influenced the enlightenment included bacon, descartes, locke, and spinoza. the major figures of the enlightenment included beccaria, diderot, hume, kant, montesquieu, rousseau, adam smith, and voltaire. it spread the ideas of the enlightenment across europe and beyond.

it apply by theyre artifacts