In standing by precedent, a judge relies on the principle of
stare decisis
amicus curiae
judicial activism
laissez-faire

In standing by precedent, a judge relies on the principle of stare decisis.

Explanation:

Stare decisis is a lawful doctrine that authorizes courts to follow historical cases to decide on any of the present ones. Stare decisis assures that cases with related situations and events are addressed equivalently. It obliges courts to obey legal models produced by earlier judgments.

"harry t. moore (1905-1951) – civil rights activist, leader, and the first martyr of the civil rights movement. fannie lou hamer (1917–1977) – leader in the american civil rights movement; co-founder of the national women's political caucus and freedom democratic party. james farmer (1920–1999) – congress of racial equality."