What is the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given formal notice of the charges against them?

 The correct answer is :  The First appearance

Explanation:  The first appearance is an appearance before a magistrate during which the legality of the defendant's arrest is initially evaluated and the defendant is also informed about the charges for which he is being held.

swahili is an extremely rich and complex civilization, a set of ethnic groups articulated by a language and a series of cultural elements that fuse the african traditions, islam and indian culture. this growth was largely a result of the indian ocean trading network that brought in not just man-made riches, but also religious ideas, specifically islam, which had a significant impact on the local culture. furthermore, the development of the swahili language gave a common cultural unity to the people.

citizens were able to charge more for their goods and services