Refers to the process of resolving conflicts over how society should use its scarce resources and who should receive various benefits, such as public health care and public higher education.

Politics

Explanation:

According to my research on government dilemmas and solutions, I can say that based on the information provided within the question the term being defined in this question is Politics. Like mentioned in the question Politics is formally defined as the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power over how to resolve certain conflicts.

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