Analyze the following arguments and tell whether they are valid and sound:
1) 1. if missy is a cat , then she is a mammal.
2. missy is not a mammal.
3. therefore, missy is not a cat.
2) 1. if fido is a dog, then he is a mammal.
2. fido is a dog.
3. therefore, he is a mammal.
3) 1. if fido is a dog then he is a mammal.
2. fido is not a dog.
3. therefore, fido is not a mammal.

Two grizzly bears are fighting over a fish to feed themselves. what kind of interaction is this scenario, which works as a limiting factor in the bears' survival? a. apparent competitionb. interference competitionc. exploitation competitiond. mutualism

1. the responsibilities of the u.s. federal reserve system include overseeing the banking system and regulating the quantity of money in the economy setting the level of real interest rates working with congress to devise a financial plan for the country and execute the president's orders calculating and reporting the unemployment rate 2. to increase the supply of money when the economy is weak, the fed closes banks reduces inflation sells bonds buys bonds 3. the federal funds rate is the short-term interest rate that banks charge their best customers when borrowing banks earn on savings accounts with the fed banks charge each other when borrowing or lending to each other the fed charges banks when borrowing 4. when the fed increases the money supply and consequently lowers interest rates, the value of the dollar will rise by more in the market for foreign exchange, all else equal will fall, all else equal is not impacted by fed policy will rise, all else equal

Science cannot describe things that a.) are beyond imagination, experience, or human ability b.) cannot be observed, measured, or tested c.) have not been conclusively proven d.) occur without being seen, heard, or felt