Maintaining personal freedoms is most characteristic of political culture, whereas upholding certain social norms is most characteristic of political culture.

Moralistic  ; Traditionalistic

Explanation:

The basic difference between these political culture lies in the way they view the government.

- Traditionalist political culture views the government as the strongest/highest authority to maintain social order.

This means that in their society, government is expected to create specific social norms and force the citizens to obey it by any means necessary (This type of implementation could be seen in Medieval Period where countries were led by kings or emperors)

- Moralistic political culture on the other, view the government only as a means to promote and protect the general welfare of the people.

This means that the society view the government as their civil servant. They exist to protect the personal liberty of the citizens in their territory, hence giving the citizens with the most power to influence the government (modern democracy operate on a same idea)

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facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.