The concept that events in the universe have direction and that they tend to proceed from a state of higher energy to a state of lower energy is known as as a result, in any energy transformation, there is a decreasing availability of energy for doing additional work.

Second law of thermodynamics

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics states that the net entropy of an isolated system cannot decrease over a period of time.  

The increase in entropy means irreversibly is associated with a natural process and entropy of the universe is always increasing.

Entropy is a sum of system and surrounding thus entropy associated with the irreversible process does not necessarily mean positive entropy(surrounding entropy might be decreasing).

in an absolute  monarchy, the  monarchrules as an autocrat, with absolutepower  over the state and government — for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. the  monarch isnominally sovereign but the electorate, through their legislature, exercise political sovereignty.

i am pretty sure it is d.