Why did congressional leaders dislike the choices of delegates to congress from the new state governments?
a. many of the men had been high-ranking officers in the confederate armies or men of position in the confederate government.
b. many of the men had been high-ranking officers in the union armies or mental position in the union government
c. many of the men had been low ranking officers in the confederate armies or men of position in the confederate government
d. many of the men had been low ranking officers in the union armies or men of position in the union government

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.