Temperature and time must be considered when determining susceptibility of microbes to lethal conditions. at a specific temperature, the thermal death can be determined, alternatively, the thermal death can be assessed as the lowest temperature that will kill a test organism in 10 minutes.

1- The thermal death time

2- The thermal death point

Explanation:

Thermal death can be related to time. A term known as the thermal death time is defined as the time required to kill a population of the target microorganism in a water-based solution at a given temperature. The thermal death time of microorganisms can vary, depending on the thermal tolerance of the microbes.

Another aspect or measure of thermal death is termed the thermal death point. This is defined as the lowest temperature that will completely kill a population of a target microorganism within 10 minutes.

1.new zealand has a large temperate climate while for north has subtropical weather during summer.

i can only answer one

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.