At the park, 20-month-old etan crawls through tunnels, throws sand everywhere, and lets a dog lick his face. but as he moves from one activity to another, he looks over his shoulder to see whether his father is watching. what is the name for etan's behavior?

Social Referencing

Explanation:

According to my research on studies conducted by various psychologists, I can say that based on the information provided within the question Ethan seems to be exhibiting a term known as Social Referencing. This refers to the process where infants use their adults reactions as guidelines to regulate their behaviors in different situations or towards people and environmental objects. Which is what Ethan is doing when he looks at his dad to see how he is reacting to what Ethan is doing. This is considered to be major technique on how children learn how to behave as well as learning about the world around them.

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the correct answer is individualism and exchange. at this stage, children begin to question the rules, because they can see that there is more than one side to them. different individuals have different viewpoints. they won't be able to reach this stage because of ignorance, a lack of ethics or personal biases. that is because people with that characteristiscs are not able to distinguish what is good or what is bad and they can't pursue their individual interests.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.