Reference groups refer to a. the relatively permanent, homogeneous divisions in a society that consists of people who share similar values, interests, and behaviors. b. individuals who exert direct or indirect social influence over others. c. people to whom an individual looks as a basis for self-appraisal or as a source of personal standards. d. those buyers who, through the size of their purchases, affect where marketing dollars will be spent. e. those with whom a person does not wish to be a member of or identified.

The answer is letter C, people to whom an individual looks as a basis for self-appraisal or as a source of personal standards.

Explanation: A reference group is a comparative, like brothers, parents. Are people or superheros, a group of individuals that it can be compared with yourself. How you want to be, these group represent people that is admired by you.

industry had made the u.s. the richest nation in the world at this time. the second industrial revolution caused growth in industry and transportation, which allowed increased trade between nations.

chronological thinking is an indispensable tool to structure a historical narrative and to give meaning to a sequence of events. the final section presents the results of a survey to test the chronological thinking of lower secondary school students carried out by the educational research institute.