Which type of theorists emphasize that social institutions exist because they perform five essential tasks: replacing members; teaching new members; producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services; preserving order; and providing and maintaining a sense of purpose?

The map shows latitudes and longitudes of france. which city is located at approximately 48°n, 7°e?

Acriterion for waiving informed consent is that, when appropriate, subjects are provided additional pertinent information after the study. in which of the following studies would it not be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent: a study in which researchers told students that they would be given a quiz after reading some study materials when the researchers did not intend to use a quiz, but were attempting to focus subjects’ attention on the material.a study in which subjects were told that they performed in the third quartile on an anagram task when in reality students were randomly assigned scores that were not related to their actual performance.a study in which subjects were assigned to study activities based on an undesirable or unflattering physical characteristic as assessed by members of the research team.a study involving decision-making games in which subjects were led to believe that they were interacting with another student in another room, but were actually interacting with a computer programmed to provide consistent responses to all subjects.

What is the rule relating the ratio of marginal utility to prices of two goods at the optimal choice? explain why, if this rule does not hold, the choice cannot be utility-maximizing.