What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? esther’s mother offers her a new dish she’s been working on―a raisin-jalapeno quiche. esther’s body responds first: esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapenos, and eggs. her stomach churns and she looks away. feeling disgust and disappointment, she says "i’m not hungry."(a) bottom-up(b) sensory adaptation(c) top-down(d) vertical-horizontal

Answer is (A) bottom-up processing.

Explanation:

Bottom-up processing begins with an incoming stimulus (or sensory input) and then becomes a mental representation of an object. Usually, there's no preconceived idea of this object, so, one can say perception is shaped by the stimulus.

In this case, Esther's mother's new dish is a fresh-new stimulus for Esther, we can say she has no preconceived notion of it. However, it is very likely that the weird-looking-appearance of such culinary combination, along with the surely-not-so-pleasant smell of it, forced Esther into creating a mental representation (probably false) of its mother's new dish being simply disgusting.

dear friend:

  i hope this letter finds you in soaring spirits and vibrant health. as you had expressed the wish to know about culture, traditions, and unity of india in your previous letter, in the following lines i have tried my best to give you glimpses of our culture, traditions, and unity. you will be amazed to know that our culture is the oldest culture in the world and the birth place of hinduism, buddhism, jainism, and sikhism. you won’t find any other culture as varied and multi-colored, multi-lingual as ours. each region has its own unique culture, traditions, language. there are 22 official languages in india.

  basically, india is a spiritual country with orthodox traditions. for example the people of india believe in traditions set by their wise forefathers. arranged marriages, joint-family system, universal brotherhood, vegetarianism, celebrating festivals such as diwali, holi, eid, etc., are the salient features of our culture and traditions.

  another unique aspect about our country is ‘unity in diversity’. in spite of the multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-traditional, multi-cultural society, people live peacefully together, respecting one another’s views, cultures, traditions, and differences. i am sure you would love to visit india soon, and have a first-hand experience of the multi-colored culture. give regards to uncle and aunt. do visit india with your family and experience our hospitality.

your friend,

abolish

do away with

unanimous

in complete agreement

secede

separate; break free

inauguration

starting a new position with a formal ceremony.

cooperationist

people who wanted the north to cooperate with the south

surrender

to give up

volunteer

perform a service for free

draft

involuntary service in military

retreat

withdraw; move away from enemy

advisor

expert who gives advice

explanation: