When workers are asked to participate in a research study, vulnerabilities related to the subject's employment may include: when workers are asked to participate in a research study, vulnerabilities related to the subject's employment may include: 1)unions may encourage employees to participate with the expectation that "entitlements" may follow from study results. 2)the research study's finding could affect an employee's pay, benefits, or promotion potential. 3)the employer may encourage or deny participation of workers. 4)employees may experience pressure from management to participate in the study because the employer perceives the study to be advantageous to the organization. 5) all of above