In a paragraph, explain how social and economic conditions for african americans differed in the upper south and the deep south during the early to mid-1800s.

The Northern economy was determined solely by manufacturing. They produced tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables. The Southern economy, on the other hand, was determined by cotton and sugar which was produced by slaves because of the intense labor. As a result, the North did not rely as much on slavery.  

African Americans in the North were active participants in American society. They could own land, businesses, farms, and could even pay taxes, and also fought relentlessly against slavery both politically and strategically. For example, they helped blacks escape by acting as active “conductors” on the underground railroads (secret routes created for slaves to escape into free states and Canada.)  

African Americans in the South still lived under the shadow of slavery. They could not travel or assemble like Northerners, nor could they own businesses or churches. Although they wanted to take a stand against slavery, they did not have the same opprotunities as Northern African Americans.  

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.