Arequest for quotation that asks for a "brand or equal":
a) shifts responsibility for establishing equality or superiority to the bidder.
b) requires the buyer to assume the costs of developing detailed specifications.
c) is the least risky and lowest cost approach to attaining "best value."
d) shifts responsibility for establishing equality or superiority to the specifier.
e)is one way internal users ensure that they will get the brand they prefer.

The correct option for a case where is required "brand or equal" is the following:

Option A) "Shifts responsibility for establishing equality or superiority to the bidder"

Explanation:

When a "brand or equal" is required by the specifiers, they are putting the responsibility on the bidder side to find an equal or superior specifications item as required. They must provide enough evidence to the offeror that they are finding the right item or brand as required.

i am pretty sure it is d.

answer: ‘no one should be discriminated against because he or she is not from a minority group’

because—> affirmative action means ‘a policy or program that provides opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups to them overcome the effects of discrimination’