Rubin's friends ask if he wants to go camping this weekend. although he could use the fun and relaxation, rubin stays home and studies because he knows his chances of getting into medical school next year depend on the grades he gets this semester. according to mischel, rubin is demonstrating his tendency to . focus on cognitive rewards over extrinsic rewardsb. delay gratificationc. respond to conditional positive regardd. create cognitive-outcome expectancies

The correct answer is letter "B": Delay gratification.

Explanation:

Delay gratification is the process an individual decides to follow in order to avoid any immediate reward with the objective of doing something that will allow that person to accomplish a bigger goal in the future. American psychologist Walter Mischel (1930-2018) and his colleagues proposed this concept.

question - in 1827, john walker, a druggist in a small english town, tipped a splint with sulphur, chlorate of potash, and sulphid of antimony, and rubbed it on sandpaper, and it burst into flame. the druggist had discovered the first friction-chemical match, the kind we use to-day. it is called friction-chemical because it is made by mixing certain chemicals together and rubbing them. although walker's match did not require the bottle of acid, nevertheless it was not a good one. it could be lighted only by hard rubbing, and it sputtered and threw fire in all directions. in a few years, however, phosphorus was substituted on the tip for antimony, and the change worked wonders. the match could now be lighted with very little rubbing, and it was no longer necessary to have sandpaper upon which to rub it. it would ignite when rubbed on any dry surface, and there was no longer any sputtering. this was the phosphorus match, the match with which we are so familiar. according the paragraph what was the benefit of the new phosphorus match? it burst into flame when rubbed on sandpaper. it was made by mixing chemicals. it could be ignited on any dry surface. it threw fire in all directions.

answer - matches required natural chemicals

answer; utilitarian;