In teaching her son to play basketball, mrs. richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. she is using a procedure known as:
a) generalization.
b) partial reinforcement.
c) spontaneous recovery.
d) shaping.

D) shaping.

Explanation:

Shaping: This is one of the techniques used in behavior modification and is implemented by the behaviorist B. F Skinner while testing the operant conditioning principles. It is also known as successive approximations method.

Shaping in psychology is defined as a method of behavior modification in which reinforcement is given for the completion of the desired target behavior. Shaping plays a vital role in commercial animal training.

Example: An autistic child can be taught of new behavior through shaping technique.

so you know what happened be fore you were alive

explanation:

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.