The following is a quotation from a negative performance review delivered by a senior manager to a team leader: "i know you and your team have the potential to turn things around for our next performance review; hence, we need to totally focus on getting everything right from now on." this is an ineffective thing to say in a performance review because it

The review delivered by the senior manager is not effective because he is not making mention to any measurable or realistic expectations.

Explanation:

He is mentioning his thoughts about secondary personal behavior elements like the working potential, focus and the ability to change for the next period that is not clearly established in time speaking.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.