Outside invasions and problems from within, spell the end for most cities civilizations city-states

City-States

Explanation:

They are considering the end for most city-states because those problems, issues and outside invasions can be very harmful to city-states. Why?

Because they are independent countries that have self-governing. Nowadays, there are only a few city-states. In the past, city-states were, for example, Rome, Athens, Sparta, and those cities can best describe what the city-state is and why issues are harmful for them.

manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, while latent functions are those unrecognized and unintended consequences. to analyze the manifest functions of any social institution, we have to study its contribution to the continuation of a group, community, or society.