While walking through the mall, a young boy grandmother that he would like to have them. the grandma initially refuses, prompting the boy to get upset and he him the shoes. in this example, we could say that the grandma's initial refusal was boy's mini-tantrum was sees a new pair of shoes and immediately tells his starts to cry. the grandma hates to see her grandson get upset, so she changes her mind and buys and the a. the conditioned stimulus; the conditioned response the consequence; the discriminative stimulus b. p clasically cxinpuished, exinguisbcd viperat conitfoning d. aversivgly punished; positively reinforced

Recall that in one condition of the experiment conducted by stasser and titus (1985) about student council president candidates, all group members had access to the same information, and that in another condition, members had unique information that other group members didn't know. in the second (unshared information) condition, the group made a worse decision than in the first (shared information) condition. this occurred because groups seldom can agree on who is most expert. focus discussion on the information that all members know. often ignore dissenting opinions. avoid differences of opinion, given conformity pressures.