When ainslie did poorly on the physics midterm exam, she blamed her low score on the unfair exam and the lousy professor. but when the final grades in the course were curved and she received an a-, she concluded that she had a real talent and mental capacity for logical scientific thinking. this example illustrates:
a) the fundamental attribution error.
b) hindsight bias.
c) blaming the victim.
d) the self-serving bias.

D) the self-serving bias.

Explanation:

Based on the information provided within the question it seems that his example illustrates a self-serving bias. This term refers to an individuals characteristic of attributing positive events to themselves but at the same time placing negative events as caused by external factors. Which is what Ainslie is doing by blaming other factors when she did bad on her test but when she got an A- she attributed that to her own talent.

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the correct answer is individualism and exchange. at this stage, children begin to question the rules, because they can see that there is more than one side to them. different individuals have different viewpoints. they won't be able to reach this stage because of ignorance, a lack of ethics or personal biases. that is because people with that characteristiscs are not able to distinguish what is good or what is bad and they can't pursue their individual interests.