Establishing construct validity is most important for which of the following? a. a concrete construct b. physical measurements (e. g., length) c. a behavior that is directly observable d. an abstract concept

d. An abstract concept

Explanation:

Abstract concept: The abstract concept has no physical form and is defined as an idea or design that a person can understand. The fundamental constituent of human intelligence provides them the ability to understand, identify, and communicate abstract concepts. This is not necessary that an abstract concept is not real, they can be real apart from the fact that it can be documented.

Construct validity: It states that a test measures what it purports or claims to measure. The construct validity sub-sums every other kind of validity evidence.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

what is the question you are trying to ask?