What are external costs? when external costs are present, will market allocation result in too much or too little output of the good relative to the ideal efficiency level? explain.

When a cost is imposed on a party that is not part of a transaction, then we deal with an external cost or negative externality. That party can´t control  whether the transaction takes place or not.  External costs of activities can lead to market failure if they exceed their benefits, and there will be no market failure if the external costs don’t exceed the benefits.

Explanation:

the minoan civilization flourished in the middle bronze age on the island of crete located in the eastern mediterranean from c. 2000 bce until c. 1500 bce. with their unique art and architecture, and the spread of their ideas through contact with other cultures across the aegean, the minoans made a significant contribution to the development of western european civilization as it is known today. labyrinth-like palace complexes, vivid frescoes depicting scenes such as bull-leaping and processions, fine gold jewelry, elegant stone vases, and pottery with vibrant decorations of marine life are all particular features of minoan crete.  

so basically their unique way of ding arts, as well as architecture.

in 342 bc j._c. egypt fell into the hands of the persians, under the reign of nectanebo ii

greek city-states unite in a revolt against the persian empire at the beginning of the fifth century bc. j.-c  

from the year 660 or 659 bc ad, cyrus preached the revolt against the medes to deliver the persians.