Astrategic alliance? a. is a collaborative arrangement where companies join forces to defeat mutual competitive rivals.
b. involves two or more companies joining forces to pursue vertical integration.
c. is a formal agreement between two or more companies in which there is strategically relevant collaboration of some sort, joint contribution of resources, shared risk, shared control and mutual dependence.
d. is a partnership between two companies that is typically intended to eliminate the need to engage in outsourcing.
e. is usually a cheaper and more effective way for companies to join forces than is merger.