Political parties were formed in order to establish funding, participation, and public backing in order to gain voters and tractions for their political agenda. two main parties emerged, the republicans & democrats. while other parties run as independents, they typically do not hold a lot of major offices. this does not diminish their purpose to for political policies with their following of voters.

Explanation: Yes I agree ,the political world has its leagues, and like you said ,two main parties dominate the league and others are independent but what makes one party to emerge is its understanding with the political game

the correct labels are as follows:

a: yellow river

b: himalayan mountains

c: north china plain

d: taklimakan desert

answer; john stuart mill's principle of utility is your answer; /// good luck