Ferguson and millar saw social developments resulting from the establishment of private property as representing a huge improvement in society because private property leads to higher degrees of social organization and
a. individuals
b. efficiency
c. incentives
d. bureaucracy

c. incentives

Explanation:

Adam Ferguson and John Millar are two great social philosopher who work on the development of the civic society. They have made large contributions to the area of sociology. According to them, industry and private property is a new phase in the development of human economy. Millar believed that economic progress of society will begin on the establishment of the private properties which will result in social organization and incentives in terms of high standard of living, well being of the society and employment.

Hence the correct answer is --

 c. incentives

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.

answer; knowledge,reason,and judgement;