In the 13th century who also criticized reliance on deductive logic and metaphysical speculations and urged scientists to adopt an inductive investigation method involving observation and experimentation with appropriate instruments and methods, rather than mere reasoning?

Suppose you are a freshmen in college and you have not declared a major. one reason you enrolled at your respective college was the school's vibrant social life. at the same time, you want to balance your academic life because you know that your grades will matter for graduate school or job applications.you decide to forgo partying for two hours to study for an upcoming economics exam. in your first semester's principles of economics class, you learn that the enjoyment you would have received from partying is an example of a(n)