Kayla is a member of an ethnic minority and she is taking a standardized test. based on research findings about stereotype threats what is . stereotype threat could interfere with kayla's performance by causing her anxiety

b if she is aware of negative stereotypes about women's abilities in math, telling her about the negative effects of stereotype threat will her do better

c if she believes that men in fact score better on math tests, this will most likely have a negative effect on her own score

The answer is: C. If she believes that men in fact score better on math tests, this will most likely have a negative effect on her own score.

Explanation:

Stereotype threat is a concept developed in educational studies to analyze the effects of race or gender stereotypes in standarized test results. Educational researchers have problematized the common belief that women or minority students underperform in standarized tests because of genetics or cultural differences, and began seeking for an explanation in other social factors. They have found that stereotypes concerning educational achievement play a fundamental role in educational performance of certain students.

In this case, speaking about gender and math tests, statistics show that boys do perform better on math tests, therefore, the stereotype is that girls are not as capable in math as boys. Research shows that this stereotype acts as a threat when girls take standarized math tests: if they believe that men score better, this stereotype can have a negative effect on their score, and ultimately confirm the stereoytpe.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.

  a) written constitution. also known as magna carta and a necessity of the democracies that form federations to regulate the principles by which the government will be governed, because if they had to act without a body of specific laws would produce confrontations.

b) territorial division. federalism is constituted by the division of powers on the geographical basis of each territory.

c) decentralization. in a federal system there is both a central government and units of government lower than the central one, each making decisions regarding the provision of certain public services in their respective geographical jurisdictions.

d) supreme court of justice. to counteract the rigidity of the written constitution, judicial action is required to interpret said constitution and necessary changes can be made.