Every day on his way to work, darnell passes a particular coffee shop. before starting his job darnell had never heard of the shop, but now that he sees it every day he stops there regularly and finds that it has become his favorite place to get a cup of coffee. according to research by robert zajonc, darnell's liking of the coffee shop is due to the effect.

The following is missing for the question to be complete:

a. mere exposure

b. proximity

c. intrinsic motivation

d. proximal incentive

   A. Mere exposure

Explanation:  This phenomenon studied by Robert Zajonc, also known as the principle of familiarity, is in fact a psychological phenomenon where people tend to become inclined towards certain things not because they may actually like those things, but because they are familiar with them. So was Darnell, who, while he was not passing the coffee shop, did not even know that the coffee shop existed at all and was not the object of his interest, when, due to circumstances, he began to pass by it every day and began to like that coffee shop, only because he became familiar with it.

It's actually the effect of mere exposure, what we often see or hear about something we like more. Even, according to experts, if things are known to us for completely bizarre or unbearable reasons, we will tend to like them just because they are exposed to us on a daily basis.

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an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.