Studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapy have found that

a. cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is the most effective treatment for every problem
b. all psychotherapies can be used to treat any problem
c. gestalt psychotherapy is the most effective treatment for any problem
d. no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem

Studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapy have found that

D. no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem

Explanation:

Psychotherapy:

It is such a way of treatment that is mostly used for the patients of mental illness and psychiatric disorders. This treatment is known as talkative treatment as we talk about the patients problems rather focusing on medication.

the correct answer is individualism and exchange. at this stage, children begin to question the rules, because they can see that there is more than one side to them. different individuals have different viewpoints. they won't be able to reach this stage because of ignorance, a lack of ethics or personal biases. that is because people with that characteristiscs are not able to distinguish what is good or what is bad and they can't pursue their individual interests.