When community service work is required by a school or business, there is the downside risk that people will infer that they are volunteering only because it is required and will be less likely to freely volunteer in the future. this risk is known as the

This risk is known as the overjustification effect.

Explanation:

This effect is a phenomenon in which an individual loses his/her intrinsic motivation (motivation from internal factors) because of being rewarded by something. This means the individual is less likely to do something if he/she is rewarded by outside factors.

In this case, since the individual is required to carry out community service because of external factors such as a requirement by a school or business, his/her motivation to do it in the future because he/she wants to will diminish, thus the overjustification effect is the risk.

explanation:

pay attention. give the speaker your undivided attention, and acknowledge the message.

show that you're listening. use your own body language and gestures to show that you are engaged.

provide feedback.

defer judgment.

respond appropriately.

answer; /// i believe that the correct answer is (a) making presentations;