Alone in the woods, chris hears a noise. he thinks he sees a bear coming toward him. chris' heart starts pounding and then, a moment later, he realizes how frightened he is. this sequence of events is best explained by which theory of emotion?

James Lange theory of emotions

Explanation:

James Lange's theory of emotions is the theory of emotions that indicated that the physical arousal of a person occurs with the environment stimuli r external factors.

According to this theory f someone wants to feel emotions first of all the person has to feel the physical experience such as an increased heartbeat. When the person noticed the physical arousal then he can say that he feels fear, anxiety, phobia, etc. This theory is opposite to the common-sense view of the theory.  

Thus in the above statement, Chris feels a sense of emotions according to James Lange's theory.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.