Aviva is reasonably successful as an electronics store manager. her older sister, rachel, is a nationally renowned surgeon who is regularly interviewed on television, makes far more money than aviva does, and is regarded as far more successful. when thinking about all that rachel has accomplished, aviva tends to feel that her life is going nowhere. aviva is engaging in

upward social comparison

Explanation:

Social comparison theory states when we have nothing else with which to measure our success, we tend to compare ourselves with how others are doing in comparison to us.

Downward comparison occurs when we compare ourselves without who have achieved less than we have accomplished. Upward comparison occurs when we compare ourselves with those who have accomplished more that we have.

Downward social comparison can boost our ego and make us feel better about our achievements , of course if you feel that you have done well compared to your friends you are likely to feel much better and confident in yourself however with upward social comparison comes self doubt and lack of confidence in one's own ability, if one sees that someone else has done way better than they have.

Aviva is successful but since her sister has achieved more than her she feels her accomplishments are not as worthy. That is a great disadvantage of upward social comparison.

answer; (d) anthropology;