An extension of the nineteenth-century theory called functionalism seeks to understand a social by discerning the role it plays in enabling society to continue on its present course. for instance, social is understood to play a role in assigning jobs to the most persons.

1. organicism;

2. phenomenon or institution;

3. inequality;

4. qualified.

Explanation:

This excerpt defines a modern sociological theory called: functionalism.  

It is a theory based on the premise that aspects of society (like institutions) form a complex system that work as a team; therefore all are indispensable for the survival of the society and its stability in long-term.

the answer is a quran