No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the united states . .

how does the excerpt relate to the premises of brown v. board of education?
a. the brown case addresses whether separate water fountains and entrances abridge students' privileges.
b. the brown case addresses whether education systems separated by race limit citizens' privileges.
c. the brown case addresses whether varied state curriculums inhibit students' ability to learn.
d. the brown case addresses whether teachers' racial stereotyping restricts students' rights and privileges.

The answer is b): The Brown case addresses whether education systems separated by race limit citizens’ privileges.

Explanation:

The excerpt is a ruling that was given by the United States Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board of Education case: the meaning of the excerpt is that it is unconstitutional for states to enforce laws that pave way for segregation in public schools, as doing so would limit privileges and deprive victims of equal protection which is guaranteed in the Fourteenth Amendment.

answer; ///the declaration of independence;

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.