Which of the following cognitive biases refers to people's tendency to attribute their successes to personal ability and effort, and failures to forces outside their control?

Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the midwest. martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. he discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. when he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "we midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for anyone who asks the most job-related questions each month that lead to process improvements. unfortunately, martin finds the program doesn't work. when he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. as a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. martin finds carmen, one of the workers that everyone else admires, and talks her into being the first to ask questions as part of the program. after about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions. refer to case 6.1. martin's plan failed initially because he didn't consider the power of on attitudes.

And whereas our provinces in north america, have been frequently ravaged by indian enemies, more especially that of south-carolina, which in the late war, by the neighboring savages, was laid waste with fire and sword and great numbers of english inhabitants, miserably massacred, and our loving subjects who now inhabit them, by reason of the smallness of their numbers, will in case of a new war, be exposed to the late calamities; inasmuch as their whole southern frontier continueth unsettled, and lieth open to the said savages. and whereas we think it highly becoming our crown and royal dignity, to protect all our loving subjects, be they ever so distant from us; to extend our fatherly compassion even to the meanest and most unfortunate of our people, and to relieve the wants of our above mentioned poor subjects; and that it will be highly conducive for accomplishing those ends, that a regular colony of the said poor people be settled and established in the southern territories of carolina."- from  charter of georgia, 1732 based on the passage, it can be determined that the main reason the king of england wishes to establish a new southern colony is becausea)he wants to provide a safe haven for all of his loyal british subject'sb)he wants to protect the fathers of each family in order to keep them safe.c)he wants to make sure there will be enough soldiers in the event of another war.d)he wants to use the new colony to protect the other colonies from attack

Heidi is a student of psychology at the university of arizona. she is currently involved in a research project to test the effects of sexual dominance on motherhood. heidi is most likely applying which psychological approach? humanism feminism behaviorism structuralism